How Women Abolitionists Fought Slavery

Abolitionist was the word used in the 19th century for those who worked to abolish the institution of slavery. Women were quite active in the abolitionist movement, at a time when women were, in general, not active in the public sphere. The presence of women in the abolitionist movement was considered by many to be scandalous—not just because of the issue itself, which was not universally supported even in states that had abolished slavery within their borders, but because these activists were women, and the dominant expectation of the proper place for women was in the domestic, not the public, sphere. Nevertheless, the abolitionist movement attracted quite a few women to its active ranks. White women came out of their domestic sphere to work against the enslavement of others. Black women spoke from their experience, bringing their story to audiences to elicit empathy and action. Black Women Abolitionists The two most famous black women abolitionists were Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Both were well-known in their time and are still the most famous of the black women who worked against slavery. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper and Maria W. Stewart are not as well known, but both were respected writers and activists. Harriet Jacobs wrote a memoir that was important as a story of what women went through during slavery, and brought the conditions of slavery to the attention of a wider audience. Sarah Mapps Douglass, part of the free African American community in Philadelphia, was an educator who also worked in the antislavery movement. Charlotte Forten Grimkà © was also part of the Philadelphia free African American community involved with the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.   Other African American women who were active abolitionists included Ellen Craft, the Edmonson sisters (Mary and Emily), Sarah Harris Fayerweather, Charlotte Forten, Margaretta Forten, Susan Forten, Elizabeth Freeman (Mumbet), Eliza Ann Garner, Harriet Ann Jacobs,  Mary Meachum, Anna Murray-Douglass (first wife of Frederick Douglass), Susan Paul,  Harriet Forten Purvis, Mary Ellen Pleasant, Caroline Remond Putnam, Sarah Parker Remond, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, and Mary Ann Shadd. White Women Abolitionists More white women than black women were prominent in the abolitionist movement, for a variety of reasons: Although the movement of all women was restricted by social convention, white women had more freedom than black women to move about.White women were more likely to have the income to support themselves while doing abolitionist work.Black women were, after the Fugitive Slave Act and the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision, at risk of capture and transport to the South if someone alleged (rightly or wrongly) that they were escaped slaves.White women were generally better-educated than black women were (even though not at all on a par with the education of white men), including in formal oratory skills popular as a topic in education at the time. White women abolitionists were often connected with liberal religions like the Quakers, Unitarians, and Universalists, which taught the spiritual equality of all souls. Many white women who were abolitionists were married to (white) male abolitionists or came from abolitionist families, though some, like the Grimke sisters, rejected the ideas of their families. Key white women who worked for the abolition of slavery, helping African American women navigate an unjust system (in alphabetical order, with links to find more about each): Louisa May AlcottSusan B. AnthonyAntoinette Brown BlackwellElizabeth BlackwellEdnah Dow CheneyLydia Maria ChildLucy ColmanPaulina Kellogg Wright DavisMary Baker EddyMargaret FullerAngelina Grimke and her sister, Sarah GrimkeJulia Ward HoweMary LivermoreLucretia MottElizabeth Palmer PeabodyAmy Kirby PostElizabeth Cady StantonLucy StoneHarriet Beecher StoweMary Edwards WalkerVictoria WoodhullMarie Zakrzewska More white women abolitionists include: Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Elizabeth Margaret Chandler, Maria Weston Chapman, Hannah Tracy Cutler, Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, Eliza Farnham, Elizabeth Lee Cabot Follen, Abby Kelley Foster,  Matilda Joslyn Gage,  Josephine White Griffing, Laura Smith Haviland, Emily Howland, Jane Elizabeth Jones, Graceanna Lewis, Maria White Lowell, Abigail Mott, Ann Preston, Laura Spelman Rockefeller, Elizabeth Smith Miller,  Caroline Severance,  Ann Carroll Fitzhugh Smith, Angeline Stickney, Eliza Sproat Turner,  Martha Coffin Wright.

Hydroelectric Power Of The Canadian Columbia - 1173 Words

Harnessing hydroelectric power in British Columbia, Canada Introduction Energy related activities are the primary source of human caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada, and electrical power generated from fossil fuels is contributing to the rise in those emissions. Hydropower as a source of electricity is a feasible low carbon alternative, as dams and reservoirs have low greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions compared to fossil fuel energy generation. Canada has harnessed this potential power source as it is the world’s third largest producer of hydropower, contributing 12% globally, behind China and Brazil (Lee, Cheng, Scheelar, 2011). Hydropower as a source of electricity has a lot of potential in British Columbia (BC), a western Canadian province. British Columbia along with Quebec comprise 2/3rds of the country’s presently developed hydropower capacity and have 50% of undeveloped capacity (Lee, Cheng, Scheelar, 2011). 90% of BC’s electricity comes from hydropower, so pushing for completely renewable sources of ele ctricity is realistic in this province (Fuamba Mahdi, 2012). This proposal aims to implement multiple small-scale run-of-river hydropower facility in BC to provide low carbon electricity for the each local region. This proposal will address the strengths and weaknesses of hydropower, the different technologies and facilities available, and economic and geographical factors relevant to British Columbia. Review There are many ways toShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of Renewable Energy2226 Words   |  9 Pagesinclude solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, ocean energy, and bio-energy. Renewable energy in Canada has as well had its environmental impacts. 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Jaws An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience Free Essays

Lay back and imagine, you are on a beach; the sun currents lightly burn you skin. You are in captivating and enchanting surrounding like laughter from young and old. You go into the calming blue ocean, in the thought that you are going to have a pleasant and moderate swim. We will write a custom essay sample on Jaws: An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now But could there be a huge blood-hungry shark in the water? Could it have heard the vibrations of your movement and is now coming to consume you? This was indeed what happened in the film ‘Jaws’. In this essay, I will be examining the suspense techniques used in the film and the intended effect upon the audience – what makes Jaws scary? The unique film Jaws was made in the year 1975and directed by Steven Spielberg, who was only twenty seven at the time. The film is based upon Peter Benchley’s No1 bestseller and he also wrote the screenplay. Jaws broke all box office records to become the biggest box office hit of it’s time. It grossed an amazing sum of $260.000.000. The two scenes I am going to focus on from the film are the opening scene where Chrissie is attacked and the following scene where Alex is attacked. Jaws is set in the small town of Amity Island on the coast of Florida. Firstly, I am going to analyze what happens in the opening scene of the play. At the start of the scene there is a young people’s party on the beach. The director uses panoramic shot of the shark then uses a panning shot of the young people at the party. He uses these techniques to create tense and suspense, makes us think about who is going to be attacked; who is the victim of this inevitable horror? Another technique used at the start of the party on the beach is laughter and soft music to relax us, but never-the-less we hear sound of waves in the background to remind us of the shark. Suddenly a woman leaves her boy friend on the beach and goes swimming. We are shown a shot of her swimming in the moonlight. The kind of shot used is a Long Shot. The director uses this to show the darkness surrounding her, this makes us makes us nervous and expectant of something horrible to happen. There is darkness in the background throughout the scene because it creates a sense of mystery. As the shark starts to move in for the kill, the music used changes from soft music to the shark’s signature tune. This is done so as to increase the tense of the moment. When the shark attacks, the girls is shown in a P.O.V shot from below. The shark then carries the girl in its mouth. This is made to look like a kid having some harmless fun. The intended effect upon the audience is to make it seem a bit less horrible. In the background we hear Jaws signature tune which is increasing tremendously. This is done to increase the tense further. In the middle of the attack the shark suddenly stops, and the girl clings to the buoy as a nerve-racking silence takes over the scene. This creates a feeling of suspense – what is going to happen next? Soon the shark attacks again and finishes her off in a rather quick and painless manner. At the end of the scene we are given a panoramic shot of the beach. All we hear is the sound of waves, and young people talking. I think that the director does this because he wants to end the scene the way he started it, suggesting nothing has happened. This has the effect of making us feel more relaxed. I think that this opening scene is particularly good in building suspense because he uses different types of techniques such as awkward silences and blindness. I now plan to the suspense techniques that Steven Spielberg uses in the scene where a little boy called Alex is seized by the shark. At the start of the scene the camera moves between shots of Chief Brody and the beach. This is done to show us the beach from Brody’s eyes (P.O.V shot), and then show his reaction of what is seen. Furthermore we see a black dog playing with its master. The colour black is used to symbolise funeral and death. This tells the audience that the dog could be the victim to the massive messenger of death. A pet dog is used because people will be more likely to have sympathy for a cute Labrador rather than a Pitbull etc. When we see Alex for the first time he asks his mother if he can swim in the water for longer. In response his mother lets him swim an extra five minutes. This makes us think that he is going to be the next victim. Alex is shown with a yellow lilo, which is used to represent light, life, joy etc. We are then shown two good examples of false alarm. The first of these is when we see the shape of the shark in the water, which is actually the hat of a man. Spielberg uses the camera to increase the tension by showing us Chief Brody looking at the ocean. He also has the man coming out of the water in a very slow manner. The other example is when a young lady gets lifted up from the water from below, screaming, with her legs astride. This makes us think that the girl is being attacked by the shark. However, we find the girl is being lifted by her boyfriend. After a set of false alarms, we start to sense some false comfort, but this quickly turns into fear as we are shown the dogs stick flowing in the water with the dog nowhere in sight. Immediately after this we see the shark’s eye-view of the boy’s legs from below, and the music changes to jaws signature tune, the effect of this is that we know that the boy is, Alex, is going to be attacked. The director, Steven Spielberg, personifies the shark cleverly. The director makes the shark deliberately go past all the people in the water and directly go to the poor little boy – this makes the shark look evil†¦ a human quality. After the attack, the camera is used to show the chaos and fear from the people at the beach. This is intended to make us sense the fear the people on the people on the beach are experiencing. The music also changes from Jaws music to series of chaotic sounds. This is done to increase the panic of the sound. We are then shown the boy’s mother on her own on the beach as the other people create a distance from the water, with their children held tightly. Only Alex’s mother is missing her child. The kind of shot used here is a long shot. The all music and sound stop so as to make us focus on the mother. Finally, we are shown the punctured lilo being washed up on the shore. It is covered in the boy’s blood, which suggests that the life and light has been destroyed by darkness and death. I now hope that your imagination has been satisfied with loads of images from the creative but scary film Jaws. In this essay, I have tried to look in dept the techniques used to make this film spectacularly unique film of its time. Spielberg has made Jaws a wonderfully scary film by taking the suspense techniques to the next step – he uses camera shots and sound to build up suspense e.g. Jaws signature tune. I would recommend this film to people of all ages including my own because this film is one of few films that have taken suspense techniques to the next level. So, next time you go to the beach, will you only be concerned about swimming and pleasure? Or will you be concerned about deadly horrors that might lie beneath the beauty of the water, in the depths of the ocean? The only advice I can give is to watch the film and treat it only as a film, for it is not real. Otherwise, we might risk never going into the waters again! How to cite Jaws: An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience, Papers

Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke Patients

Question: Describe about the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke Patients? Answer: Introduction Stroke is the third largest death causing disease in the United States. It is seen that one death out of fifteen is due to stroke. According to the Frizzell, 2005, every year about 0.7 million peoples are diagnosed with stroke and 2 million go through second stroke. Stroke is the abrupt interruption of the blood supply in the brain. The NICE, 2008 states that the stroke is of two types, one is ischemic stroke in which an artery supplying blood to the brain suddenly blocked, thus decreased blood supply leads to brain infarction. According to the internet stroke centre, other one is haemorrhage stroke which occurred due to leakage of blood into the brain tissue when a blood vessel burst. About 80% of cases are diagnosed with ischemic stroke and the main causative agent is clot and sometimes stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessels due to deposition of the plaque. Whereas NICE, 2008 states that 20 % cases of stroke are diagnosed with haemorrhage stroke. According to the NICE, 2008 Frizzell, 2005, the main cause of aneurysm is, weak point in an artery wall, which enlarges with time under high arterial pressure. Thus the artery wall rupture and leak out the blood around brain tissues. Sign and symptoms The symptoms of stroke are sudden. One must be tentative and should take action rapidly by watching symptoms of stroke. One can recognise symptoms of stroke as person feel abrupt numbness and weakness in the face, arm or leg. He or she may feel confused, inability to talk or trouble in understanding. According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, patient seems trouble in seeing with eyes, unable to walk or stand straight, loss of coordination and can feel headache without any reason. Diagnosis for the stroke: The stroke can be diagnosed on the basis of sign symptoms, medical history, physical examination and test results. Medical history and physical examination: According to the National institues of heart and NHS choice, 2015, the doctor will look out for the family history of stroke and other unhealthy factors such as smoking, hypertension or heart diseases. During physical examination, doctor will look for signs like carotid artery disease and even check the persons coordination, stability and alertness. Diagnostic tests: Stroke can be diagnosed by performing following of the tests: Brain CT scan: It is also called as brain computed tomography, which is the painless test and use x-rays to look inside the brain. It is usually done after the stroke suspected. The pictures of the CT scan shows damaged brain cells or internal clotting in the brain. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnet and radio waves to picture the organ and brain structures. This test helps in detecting the changes in the brain tissues and blood vessels in the brain. CT arteriogram (CTA) and magnetic resonance arteriogram (MRA): The Computed tomography arteriogram and magnetic resonance arteriogram shows clear pictures of damage inside the large blood vessels or clot in the brain. It also shows blood flow in the brain. Carotid ultrasound: It uses sound waves to look inside the carotid arteries. This test can also include Doppler ultrasound, which tells the speed and direction of blood moving in the brain blood vessels. Carotid angiography: This test uses a dye along with special x-rays to look inside the carotid vessels of the brain. The dye is injected through the catheter from the upper thigh. Blood tests: Blood glucose test is used to check the amount of blood glucose in body, if it is low then, it may be a reason of the stroke. The Blood platelet count is done to count the platelets in the body. If the platelet count is low then, the person has bleeding disorder and if the platelet count is high then, one has thrombotic disorder, the either of the cases can be a cause of stroke. Treatments for the stroke: According to the Nurses labs, n.d., the drug therapy is the first choice of treatment in the stroke. There are two class of drugs, antithrombotic which includes antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants and other one is thrombotic drugs. For ischemic stroke: Antithrombotic drugs: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, these drugs used to prevent the clotting in the blood vessels, as these clots block the brain arteries and vessels thus causes ischemic stroke. Antiplatelet which belongs to this category also helps in preventing the blood clot. The drug belongs to this category are clopidogrel, ticlopidine. Anticoagulants helps in decreasing the risk of clotting property of the blood. The drugs are warfarin, heparin, and enoxaparin. Statins: According to the NHS choice, 2015, if cholesterol levels are high in the body, they are controlled by statins which blocks the cholesterol converting enzyme in the liver. Antihypertensive agents: According to the NHS choice, 2015, these are used to control the high blood pressure in the body. These are of type ACE inhibitors, ca++ channel blocker, and alpha and beta blocker. Thrombolytic drugs: This work by dissolving the blood clot that causes the blockage of an artery. These drugs are used to work on an ongoing stroke. Thus dissolves the clot and regulates the blood flow to the brain. According to the American stroke association and the internet stroke centre, a genetically engineered product called as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator which is a form of t-PA is an example of this type of agent. Carotid endarterectomy: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, the removal of the plaque from the carotid artery which supplies blood to the brain. For haemorrhagic stroke: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke American stroke association, there are several surgical procedures which helps in regulating the blood flow in the brain e.g. Extra cranial/intracranial bypass. The block artery rerouted by the healthy artery in the affected area of the brain, this is done in the extra cranial/intracranial bypass procedure. This surgical procedure is done in haemorrhagic stroke. Summary: The stroke is a neurologic event which occurs due to an abrupt supply of blood in the brain. The risk associated with this disease is diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and the family history of stroke. Many treatment are available, which helps in controlling the stroke such as statin, thrombolytic, antithrombotic agents. Research is going on to evolve the novel effective treatment of stroke. The government initiated many intervention programs in the hospitals, to provide good care to the stroke patients. References American stroke association. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.strokeassociation.org: https://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/Treatment/Stroke-Treatments_UCM_310892_Article.jsp Frizzell, J. P. (2005). Acute Stroke Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. AACN Clinical Issues, 16(4), 421-440. Retrieved August 2015 National institues of heart. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/diagnosis National institute of neurological disorders stroke. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.ninds.nih.gov: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/detail_stroke.htm NHS choice. (2015, August). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk: https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Stroke/Pages/treatment.aspx NICE. (2008, july). Stroke Diagnosis and initial management of acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from www.nice.org.uk/accreditation: guidance.nice.org.uk/cg68 Nurses labs. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from https://nurseslabs.com: https://nurseslabs.com/8-cerebrovascular-accident-stroke-nursing-care-plans/ The internet stroke centre. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from https://www.strokecenter.org: https://www.strokecenter.org/patients/about-stroke/what-is-a-stroke/