Influenza on the Western Front :: Journalism Media Studies Health Essays

Influenza on the Western Front NEW YORK--Reports have come in from London that the grippe has now closed his claws upon German troops. Although influenza has spread onto our side, leading doctors believe that the disease will not be so prevalent because the disease spreads [most readily in unhealthy conditions.] With the ever increasing proportion of German troops being reported to hospitals for influenza, the Kaiser is finding it difficult for them to mount a proper offensive against our hearty men. Confiscated letters of German soldiers describe just how widespread this epidemic is. "I feel so ill that I should like to report sick. Fever is rampant among us and already a whole lot of men are in the hospital. Every day more go in. As I have not yet had leave and am expecting to go any day, I shall not report sick yet anyway."1 People who have been reported to suffer from influenza are immobilized in hospital beds for 7 to 10 days. Symptoms suffered include body aches, muscle and joint pain, headache, a sore throat and an unproductive cough with occasionally harsh breathing, fevers raging from 100 to 104 F, sudden dizziness, weakness, and pain.2 It is most likely that influenza spreads so rapidly amongst German troops because they live in filthy trenches and small portions of rations. Such poor living conditions and weakened health provide an opportune chance for the Influenza to strike. Sergeant Bader boasts: "Those Germans do not have a prayer in this world to win. They have so many people falling down due to the grippe that it is making our job easier. The rest are so worn out that they do not have the strength to put up a fight. Most of my men are fine. The government keeps us well fed and clothed. My superiors tell me that staying clean and healthy is the best way to fight this disease. If this continues, we will win by winter." Weather will not hinder the spread among the German troops. For a while it has continued to rain and it seems likely to stay wet.3 Continual rainfall might dampen our troops' moral, but our hopes are high that our enemy will be removed. The origin and spread of the flu This new Spanish type flu has been reported to have originated in Berlin and other German cities and is being transferred into the trenches by men reporting back from their leave.

Beowulf and Christianity Essay

A Critical Response to Beowulf After reading the story Beowulf as translated by Burton Raffel, I saw two aspects of this story written in the Anglo-Saxon period. When reading the story you notice that there are multiple aspects of paganism and of Christianity included in the story. Many scholars have debated whether of not a monk might have written it during the paganism period or whether a second author might have added to the story later on in history. I believe that it might have been written by a monk who decided to add to t while he wrote the original. I also that even though pagan ideas were implemented into the story, the Christian ideas are more prominent. Firstly, there were many pagan ideas in the book. One of the non-Christian things that Beowulf and his men did was to drink at Herot. (19-20) The men there at Herot were drinking and some were drunk which is a sin in the Bible. Other pagan ideals include that of Beowulf being full in himself and wanting to be remembered rather than doing it out of the kindness of his heart. 9-20) During this part of the story, Beowulf talks about how many monsters he has slayed and how he will be remembered for killing Grendel. He also talks about this at the end of the story when Beowulf is dying. (37) He says, â€Å"†¦ The brave Geats build me a tomb, when the funeral flames have burned me, and build it Here, at the water’s edge, high on this spit of land, so sailors can see this tower, and remember my name†¦ † Secondly, in the story I believe that the Christian aspec ts of the story overpower the pagan beliefs. I think that the story of Beowulf closely resembles the story of Jesus in the Bible. In the Bible, you have the conflict of Jesus and Satan, and in the story you have the conflict of Beowulf and Grendel. It also presents the good vs. evil theme as well as the Bible. The story also refers to Grendel as being a descendent of Cain (14) from the very beginning. This comes from a story in the Bible. Taking this story another step further, you can parallel the death of Christ to the death of Beowulf. In the 14 ection, literally described as the â€Å"Final Battle† he takes on a dragon, (also a form of Satan) and ends up fighting and defeating the dragon. Beowulf defeats evil but pays a price in the end. Just as Jesus died on the cross to defeat evil for all of the world, Beowulf also gives his life while defeating â€Å"evil† to save the Geats. In conclusion, I believe that the Christian overtones of the story overpower the pagan beliefs. In the end, I think that a monk might have written this and incorporated the Christian beliefs into the story.

Marijuana Should Be Legal Essay - 2332 Words

Abstract The following is a proposal for a public policy that would legalize marijuana and have the drug be treated as alcohol. This is necessary because the current policy is detrimental to society and the legalization of marijuana would be beneficial. The prohibition of the drug is unfounded because tobacco and alcohol, legalized substances, are more dangerous than marijuana. Also, the legislation regarding the drug was created on racist sentiments, reducing the law’s credibility. The current policy also creates a dangerous black market and renders our prison system ineffective. The legalization of cannabis would bring undeniable medical and economic benefits to society and the government. Varying degrees of marijuana legalization have†¦show more content†¦Thus, marijuana was originally banned for social reasons, not because it was seen as a dangerous drug in itself. In fact, tobacco and alcohol, two legalized substances, are far more dangerous than marijuana. First of all, marijuana is much less addictive than tobacco or alcohol. According to Paul Gahlinger, M.D., Ph.D, a professor at the University of Utah, the medical value of marijuana is significantly higher than that of tobacco and alcohol and also has a much lower risk of abuse (Gahlinger 10). Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, is considered the most addictive substance ever found, even greater than illegal drugs including marijuana, heroin, and crack (192). Marijuana also has a very low potential for abuse in comparison with many other common psychoactive drugs such as cocaine or amphetamine (Mills 3). While it is debated whether marijuana is psychologically addictive, the drug does not cause a physical dependence (Gahlinger 335). The relatively low threat of abuse undoubtedly contributes to the fact that marijuana causes significantly fewer deaths in the United States than tobacco or alcohol. Alcohol causes at least 200,000 deaths annually in the United States. Tobacco smoking causes around 430,000 deaths in the US per year and 50,000 deaths due to secondhand smoke alone. All 178 illegal drugs in the United States combined cause about 8,000 deaths yearly (GahlingerShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. This

How Women Abolitionists Fought Slavery

Abolitionist was the word used in the 19th century for those who worked to abolish the institution of slavery. Women were quite active in the abolitionist movement, at a time when women were, in general, not active in the public sphere. The presence of women in the abolitionist movement was considered by many to be scandalous—not just because of the issue itself, which was not universally supported even in states that had abolished slavery within their borders, but because these activists were women, and the dominant expectation of the proper place for women was in the domestic, not the public, sphere. Nevertheless, the abolitionist movement attracted quite a few women to its active ranks. White women came out of their domestic sphere to work against the enslavement of others. Black women spoke from their experience, bringing their story to audiences to elicit empathy and action. Black Women Abolitionists The two most famous black women abolitionists were Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Both were well-known in their time and are still the most famous of the black women who worked against slavery. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper and Maria W. Stewart are not as well known, but both were respected writers and activists. Harriet Jacobs wrote a memoir that was important as a story of what women went through during slavery, and brought the conditions of slavery to the attention of a wider audience. Sarah Mapps Douglass, part of the free African American community in Philadelphia, was an educator who also worked in the antislavery movement. Charlotte Forten Grimkà © was also part of the Philadelphia free African American community involved with the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.   Other African American women who were active abolitionists included Ellen Craft, the Edmonson sisters (Mary and Emily), Sarah Harris Fayerweather, Charlotte Forten, Margaretta Forten, Susan Forten, Elizabeth Freeman (Mumbet), Eliza Ann Garner, Harriet Ann Jacobs,  Mary Meachum, Anna Murray-Douglass (first wife of Frederick Douglass), Susan Paul,  Harriet Forten Purvis, Mary Ellen Pleasant, Caroline Remond Putnam, Sarah Parker Remond, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, and Mary Ann Shadd. White Women Abolitionists More white women than black women were prominent in the abolitionist movement, for a variety of reasons: Although the movement of all women was restricted by social convention, white women had more freedom than black women to move about.White women were more likely to have the income to support themselves while doing abolitionist work.Black women were, after the Fugitive Slave Act and the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision, at risk of capture and transport to the South if someone alleged (rightly or wrongly) that they were escaped slaves.White women were generally better-educated than black women were (even though not at all on a par with the education of white men), including in formal oratory skills popular as a topic in education at the time. White women abolitionists were often connected with liberal religions like the Quakers, Unitarians, and Universalists, which taught the spiritual equality of all souls. Many white women who were abolitionists were married to (white) male abolitionists or came from abolitionist families, though some, like the Grimke sisters, rejected the ideas of their families. Key white women who worked for the abolition of slavery, helping African American women navigate an unjust system (in alphabetical order, with links to find more about each): Louisa May AlcottSusan B. AnthonyAntoinette Brown BlackwellElizabeth BlackwellEdnah Dow CheneyLydia Maria ChildLucy ColmanPaulina Kellogg Wright DavisMary Baker EddyMargaret FullerAngelina Grimke and her sister, Sarah GrimkeJulia Ward HoweMary LivermoreLucretia MottElizabeth Palmer PeabodyAmy Kirby PostElizabeth Cady StantonLucy StoneHarriet Beecher StoweMary Edwards WalkerVictoria WoodhullMarie Zakrzewska More white women abolitionists include: Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Elizabeth Margaret Chandler, Maria Weston Chapman, Hannah Tracy Cutler, Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, Eliza Farnham, Elizabeth Lee Cabot Follen, Abby Kelley Foster,  Matilda Joslyn Gage,  Josephine White Griffing, Laura Smith Haviland, Emily Howland, Jane Elizabeth Jones, Graceanna Lewis, Maria White Lowell, Abigail Mott, Ann Preston, Laura Spelman Rockefeller, Elizabeth Smith Miller,  Caroline Severance,  Ann Carroll Fitzhugh Smith, Angeline Stickney, Eliza Sproat Turner,  Martha Coffin Wright.

Hydroelectric Power Of The Canadian Columbia - 1173 Words

Harnessing hydroelectric power in British Columbia, Canada Introduction Energy related activities are the primary source of human caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada, and electrical power generated from fossil fuels is contributing to the rise in those emissions. Hydropower as a source of electricity is a feasible low carbon alternative, as dams and reservoirs have low greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions compared to fossil fuel energy generation. Canada has harnessed this potential power source as it is the world’s third largest producer of hydropower, contributing 12% globally, behind China and Brazil (Lee, Cheng, Scheelar, 2011). Hydropower as a source of electricity has a lot of potential in British Columbia (BC), a western Canadian province. British Columbia along with Quebec comprise 2/3rds of the country’s presently developed hydropower capacity and have 50% of undeveloped capacity (Lee, Cheng, Scheelar, 2011). 90% of BC’s electricity comes from hydropower, so pushing for completely renewable sources of ele ctricity is realistic in this province (Fuamba Mahdi, 2012). This proposal aims to implement multiple small-scale run-of-river hydropower facility in BC to provide low carbon electricity for the each local region. This proposal will address the strengths and weaknesses of hydropower, the different technologies and facilities available, and economic and geographical factors relevant to British Columbia. Review There are many ways toShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of Renewable Energy2226 Words   |  9 Pagesinclude solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, ocean energy, and bio-energy. Renewable energy in Canada has as well had its environmental impacts. The outcomes pose various impacts to the environment either positively or negatively and end up affecting people’s lives. Canada has had greater embrace on renewable energy, particularly hydropower and nuclear. In 2011, it was the sixth largest wind power producer worldwide. In Ontario, there are numerous photovoltaic plants of power. A tidal plantRead MoreHydro Electric Power1518 Words   |  7 PagesHydroelectric power: The Worlds Established Renewable Energy Resource For over a century, hydroelectric power has been used to generate electricity from falling water. The capacity to produce this energy is dependent on both the available flow and the height from which it falls. Hydroelectric dams create height for the water to fall and provide storage. In general, the higher the dam, the more potential energy is available. Building up behind a high dam, water accumulates potential energy. TheRead MoreThe Bonneville Power Administration ( Bpa ) Service Territory2001 Words   |  9 PagesThe Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) service territory is in the Pacific Northwest. In 1937, BPA was established to construct facilities required to market and transmit electric power from the Bonneville Dam located on the Columbia River and to construct facilities necessary to transmit that power. BPAs mandate has been expanded to be the marketing agent for power from all of the federally owned hydroelectric projects in the Pacific Northwest, as one of four regio nal Federal power marketing agenciesRead MoreTc Case Study944 Words   |  4 PagesSite C Backgrounder In conjunction with the Site C decision, the BC Government issued a background (see Appendix 1) related to private power producers and renewable energy. Much of the information in the backgrounder is misleading and/or incorrect. This note provides a number of responses to the backgrounder. â€Å"These decisions significantly increased the province’s intermittent electricity energy supply†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †¢ IPP generation currently represents about 25% of the province’s electricity supply. ThisRead More Hydropower’s Unintended Consequences Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesrenewable energy, hydroelectric power is often seen as a viable and clean alternative energy source. Hydro electric has been a longstanding source of power for this and many other countries. In the 1940s dams were supplying 40% of our nation’s electricity, and now they only generate about 10% (science bulletins). Hydro power can be a clean alternative to fossil fuels; however it should not be considered an environmentally friendly alternative of energy production. Dams built for hydroelectric productionRead MoreThe BC Green Party And The BC Green Party804 Words   |  4 PagesA provincial election in British Columbia has never before left so much uncertainty. With such a close vote margin separating the BC Liberals from the BC NDP party, the BC Green party with their 3 seats were seeming ly able to shift in power in their favour. While negotiations between parties occurred last week, it seemed that of the main points on contentions separating the BC Liberals from gaining the support of the Green party was the Site C project. Site C raises a lot of important questionsRead More Canada Essay2051 Words   |  9 PagesAlaskan border. The southernmost point is Middle Island, in Lake Erie and the northern tip is Cape Columbia, on Ellesmere Island. Canada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and its associated bodies of water, including Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea. Canada has an abundance of mineral, forest, and water-power resources. The mining industry has been a major force in Canadas economic development in the pastRead MoreMelting Snow Pack of Pacific Northwest2042 Words   |  9 Pagesareas such as the Rockies, Sierras, and Cascades is likely to hurt hydropower during parts of the year, and to place other stresses on the region s water supply (Serreze 35). Rivers that rely on the snowpack melt later in the spring such as the Columbia River or the Colorado River are losing large portions of their usual spring snow melt (Stewart 1). Growing demand and decreasing supply has the Colorado River running dry before the flow makes it to supply the water deprived areas of Mexico. RunoffRead MoreClimate Change and Its Effects on White Water Rafting1809 Words   |  8 PagesAngela Bueckert With the rising effects of Global warming taking its toll on glaciers and agriculture in British Columbia, surprisingly the white water rafting industry has managed to grow significantly in the last 20 years. As the global temperature continues to rise, it is predicted that the Glaciers will be reduced to nothing, thus taking its effect on water flow. British Columbia has seen it’s average temperature rise twice as fast as the global average. For rafting companies, this means shorterRead MoreCirque De Soleil Essays1608 Words   |  7 Pagesarts, Cirque du Soleil founder Guy Lalibertà © toured Europe as a folk musician and busker after quitting college. By the time he returned back home to Canada in 1979, he had learned the art of fire breathing. Although he became employed at a hydroelectric power plant in James Bay, his job ended after only three days due to a labour strike. He decided not to look for another job, instead supporting himself on his unemployment insurance. He helped organize a summer fair in Baie-Saint-Paul with the help

Jaws An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience Free Essays

Lay back and imagine, you are on a beach; the sun currents lightly burn you skin. You are in captivating and enchanting surrounding like laughter from young and old. You go into the calming blue ocean, in the thought that you are going to have a pleasant and moderate swim. We will write a custom essay sample on Jaws: An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now But could there be a huge blood-hungry shark in the water? Could it have heard the vibrations of your movement and is now coming to consume you? This was indeed what happened in the film ‘Jaws’. In this essay, I will be examining the suspense techniques used in the film and the intended effect upon the audience – what makes Jaws scary? The unique film Jaws was made in the year 1975and directed by Steven Spielberg, who was only twenty seven at the time. The film is based upon Peter Benchley’s No1 bestseller and he also wrote the screenplay. Jaws broke all box office records to become the biggest box office hit of it’s time. It grossed an amazing sum of $260.000.000. The two scenes I am going to focus on from the film are the opening scene where Chrissie is attacked and the following scene where Alex is attacked. Jaws is set in the small town of Amity Island on the coast of Florida. Firstly, I am going to analyze what happens in the opening scene of the play. At the start of the scene there is a young people’s party on the beach. The director uses panoramic shot of the shark then uses a panning shot of the young people at the party. He uses these techniques to create tense and suspense, makes us think about who is going to be attacked; who is the victim of this inevitable horror? Another technique used at the start of the party on the beach is laughter and soft music to relax us, but never-the-less we hear sound of waves in the background to remind us of the shark. Suddenly a woman leaves her boy friend on the beach and goes swimming. We are shown a shot of her swimming in the moonlight. The kind of shot used is a Long Shot. The director uses this to show the darkness surrounding her, this makes us makes us nervous and expectant of something horrible to happen. There is darkness in the background throughout the scene because it creates a sense of mystery. As the shark starts to move in for the kill, the music used changes from soft music to the shark’s signature tune. This is done so as to increase the tense of the moment. When the shark attacks, the girls is shown in a P.O.V shot from below. The shark then carries the girl in its mouth. This is made to look like a kid having some harmless fun. The intended effect upon the audience is to make it seem a bit less horrible. In the background we hear Jaws signature tune which is increasing tremendously. This is done to increase the tense further. In the middle of the attack the shark suddenly stops, and the girl clings to the buoy as a nerve-racking silence takes over the scene. This creates a feeling of suspense – what is going to happen next? Soon the shark attacks again and finishes her off in a rather quick and painless manner. At the end of the scene we are given a panoramic shot of the beach. All we hear is the sound of waves, and young people talking. I think that the director does this because he wants to end the scene the way he started it, suggesting nothing has happened. This has the effect of making us feel more relaxed. I think that this opening scene is particularly good in building suspense because he uses different types of techniques such as awkward silences and blindness. I now plan to the suspense techniques that Steven Spielberg uses in the scene where a little boy called Alex is seized by the shark. At the start of the scene the camera moves between shots of Chief Brody and the beach. This is done to show us the beach from Brody’s eyes (P.O.V shot), and then show his reaction of what is seen. Furthermore we see a black dog playing with its master. The colour black is used to symbolise funeral and death. This tells the audience that the dog could be the victim to the massive messenger of death. A pet dog is used because people will be more likely to have sympathy for a cute Labrador rather than a Pitbull etc. When we see Alex for the first time he asks his mother if he can swim in the water for longer. In response his mother lets him swim an extra five minutes. This makes us think that he is going to be the next victim. Alex is shown with a yellow lilo, which is used to represent light, life, joy etc. We are then shown two good examples of false alarm. The first of these is when we see the shape of the shark in the water, which is actually the hat of a man. Spielberg uses the camera to increase the tension by showing us Chief Brody looking at the ocean. He also has the man coming out of the water in a very slow manner. The other example is when a young lady gets lifted up from the water from below, screaming, with her legs astride. This makes us think that the girl is being attacked by the shark. However, we find the girl is being lifted by her boyfriend. After a set of false alarms, we start to sense some false comfort, but this quickly turns into fear as we are shown the dogs stick flowing in the water with the dog nowhere in sight. Immediately after this we see the shark’s eye-view of the boy’s legs from below, and the music changes to jaws signature tune, the effect of this is that we know that the boy is, Alex, is going to be attacked. The director, Steven Spielberg, personifies the shark cleverly. The director makes the shark deliberately go past all the people in the water and directly go to the poor little boy – this makes the shark look evil†¦ a human quality. After the attack, the camera is used to show the chaos and fear from the people at the beach. This is intended to make us sense the fear the people on the people on the beach are experiencing. The music also changes from Jaws music to series of chaotic sounds. This is done to increase the panic of the sound. We are then shown the boy’s mother on her own on the beach as the other people create a distance from the water, with their children held tightly. Only Alex’s mother is missing her child. The kind of shot used here is a long shot. The all music and sound stop so as to make us focus on the mother. Finally, we are shown the punctured lilo being washed up on the shore. It is covered in the boy’s blood, which suggests that the life and light has been destroyed by darkness and death. I now hope that your imagination has been satisfied with loads of images from the creative but scary film Jaws. In this essay, I have tried to look in dept the techniques used to make this film spectacularly unique film of its time. Spielberg has made Jaws a wonderfully scary film by taking the suspense techniques to the next step – he uses camera shots and sound to build up suspense e.g. Jaws signature tune. I would recommend this film to people of all ages including my own because this film is one of few films that have taken suspense techniques to the next level. So, next time you go to the beach, will you only be concerned about swimming and pleasure? Or will you be concerned about deadly horrors that might lie beneath the beauty of the water, in the depths of the ocean? The only advice I can give is to watch the film and treat it only as a film, for it is not real. Otherwise, we might risk never going into the waters again! How to cite Jaws: An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience, Papers

Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke Patients

Question: Describe about the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke Patients? Answer: Introduction Stroke is the third largest death causing disease in the United States. It is seen that one death out of fifteen is due to stroke. According to the Frizzell, 2005, every year about 0.7 million peoples are diagnosed with stroke and 2 million go through second stroke. Stroke is the abrupt interruption of the blood supply in the brain. The NICE, 2008 states that the stroke is of two types, one is ischemic stroke in which an artery supplying blood to the brain suddenly blocked, thus decreased blood supply leads to brain infarction. According to the internet stroke centre, other one is haemorrhage stroke which occurred due to leakage of blood into the brain tissue when a blood vessel burst. About 80% of cases are diagnosed with ischemic stroke and the main causative agent is clot and sometimes stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessels due to deposition of the plaque. Whereas NICE, 2008 states that 20 % cases of stroke are diagnosed with haemorrhage stroke. According to the NICE, 2008 Frizzell, 2005, the main cause of aneurysm is, weak point in an artery wall, which enlarges with time under high arterial pressure. Thus the artery wall rupture and leak out the blood around brain tissues. Sign and symptoms The symptoms of stroke are sudden. One must be tentative and should take action rapidly by watching symptoms of stroke. One can recognise symptoms of stroke as person feel abrupt numbness and weakness in the face, arm or leg. He or she may feel confused, inability to talk or trouble in understanding. According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, patient seems trouble in seeing with eyes, unable to walk or stand straight, loss of coordination and can feel headache without any reason. Diagnosis for the stroke: The stroke can be diagnosed on the basis of sign symptoms, medical history, physical examination and test results. Medical history and physical examination: According to the National institues of heart and NHS choice, 2015, the doctor will look out for the family history of stroke and other unhealthy factors such as smoking, hypertension or heart diseases. During physical examination, doctor will look for signs like carotid artery disease and even check the persons coordination, stability and alertness. Diagnostic tests: Stroke can be diagnosed by performing following of the tests: Brain CT scan: It is also called as brain computed tomography, which is the painless test and use x-rays to look inside the brain. It is usually done after the stroke suspected. The pictures of the CT scan shows damaged brain cells or internal clotting in the brain. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnet and radio waves to picture the organ and brain structures. This test helps in detecting the changes in the brain tissues and blood vessels in the brain. CT arteriogram (CTA) and magnetic resonance arteriogram (MRA): The Computed tomography arteriogram and magnetic resonance arteriogram shows clear pictures of damage inside the large blood vessels or clot in the brain. It also shows blood flow in the brain. Carotid ultrasound: It uses sound waves to look inside the carotid arteries. This test can also include Doppler ultrasound, which tells the speed and direction of blood moving in the brain blood vessels. Carotid angiography: This test uses a dye along with special x-rays to look inside the carotid vessels of the brain. The dye is injected through the catheter from the upper thigh. Blood tests: Blood glucose test is used to check the amount of blood glucose in body, if it is low then, it may be a reason of the stroke. The Blood platelet count is done to count the platelets in the body. If the platelet count is low then, the person has bleeding disorder and if the platelet count is high then, one has thrombotic disorder, the either of the cases can be a cause of stroke. Treatments for the stroke: According to the Nurses labs, n.d., the drug therapy is the first choice of treatment in the stroke. There are two class of drugs, antithrombotic which includes antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants and other one is thrombotic drugs. For ischemic stroke: Antithrombotic drugs: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, these drugs used to prevent the clotting in the blood vessels, as these clots block the brain arteries and vessels thus causes ischemic stroke. Antiplatelet which belongs to this category also helps in preventing the blood clot. The drug belongs to this category are clopidogrel, ticlopidine. Anticoagulants helps in decreasing the risk of clotting property of the blood. The drugs are warfarin, heparin, and enoxaparin. Statins: According to the NHS choice, 2015, if cholesterol levels are high in the body, they are controlled by statins which blocks the cholesterol converting enzyme in the liver. Antihypertensive agents: According to the NHS choice, 2015, these are used to control the high blood pressure in the body. These are of type ACE inhibitors, ca++ channel blocker, and alpha and beta blocker. Thrombolytic drugs: This work by dissolving the blood clot that causes the blockage of an artery. These drugs are used to work on an ongoing stroke. Thus dissolves the clot and regulates the blood flow to the brain. According to the American stroke association and the internet stroke centre, a genetically engineered product called as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator which is a form of t-PA is an example of this type of agent. Carotid endarterectomy: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, the removal of the plaque from the carotid artery which supplies blood to the brain. For haemorrhagic stroke: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke American stroke association, there are several surgical procedures which helps in regulating the blood flow in the brain e.g. Extra cranial/intracranial bypass. The block artery rerouted by the healthy artery in the affected area of the brain, this is done in the extra cranial/intracranial bypass procedure. This surgical procedure is done in haemorrhagic stroke. Summary: The stroke is a neurologic event which occurs due to an abrupt supply of blood in the brain. The risk associated with this disease is diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and the family history of stroke. Many treatment are available, which helps in controlling the stroke such as statin, thrombolytic, antithrombotic agents. Research is going on to evolve the novel effective treatment of stroke. The government initiated many intervention programs in the hospitals, to provide good care to the stroke patients. References American stroke association. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.strokeassociation.org: https://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/Treatment/Stroke-Treatments_UCM_310892_Article.jsp Frizzell, J. P. (2005). Acute Stroke Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. AACN Clinical Issues, 16(4), 421-440. Retrieved August 2015 National institues of heart. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/diagnosis National institute of neurological disorders stroke. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.ninds.nih.gov: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/detail_stroke.htm NHS choice. (2015, August). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk: https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Stroke/Pages/treatment.aspx NICE. (2008, july). Stroke Diagnosis and initial management of acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from www.nice.org.uk/accreditation: guidance.nice.org.uk/cg68 Nurses labs. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from https://nurseslabs.com: https://nurseslabs.com/8-cerebrovascular-accident-stroke-nursing-care-plans/ The internet stroke centre. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from https://www.strokecenter.org: https://www.strokecenter.org/patients/about-stroke/what-is-a-stroke/