Jaws An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience Free Essays

Lay back and imagine, you are on a beach; the sun currents lightly burn you skin. You are in captivating and enchanting surrounding like laughter from young and old. You go into the calming blue ocean, in the thought that you are going to have a pleasant and moderate swim. We will write a custom essay sample on Jaws: An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now But could there be a huge blood-hungry shark in the water? Could it have heard the vibrations of your movement and is now coming to consume you? This was indeed what happened in the film ‘Jaws’. In this essay, I will be examining the suspense techniques used in the film and the intended effect upon the audience – what makes Jaws scary? The unique film Jaws was made in the year 1975and directed by Steven Spielberg, who was only twenty seven at the time. The film is based upon Peter Benchley’s No1 bestseller and he also wrote the screenplay. Jaws broke all box office records to become the biggest box office hit of it’s time. It grossed an amazing sum of $260.000.000. The two scenes I am going to focus on from the film are the opening scene where Chrissie is attacked and the following scene where Alex is attacked. Jaws is set in the small town of Amity Island on the coast of Florida. Firstly, I am going to analyze what happens in the opening scene of the play. At the start of the scene there is a young people’s party on the beach. The director uses panoramic shot of the shark then uses a panning shot of the young people at the party. He uses these techniques to create tense and suspense, makes us think about who is going to be attacked; who is the victim of this inevitable horror? Another technique used at the start of the party on the beach is laughter and soft music to relax us, but never-the-less we hear sound of waves in the background to remind us of the shark. Suddenly a woman leaves her boy friend on the beach and goes swimming. We are shown a shot of her swimming in the moonlight. The kind of shot used is a Long Shot. The director uses this to show the darkness surrounding her, this makes us makes us nervous and expectant of something horrible to happen. There is darkness in the background throughout the scene because it creates a sense of mystery. As the shark starts to move in for the kill, the music used changes from soft music to the shark’s signature tune. This is done so as to increase the tense of the moment. When the shark attacks, the girls is shown in a P.O.V shot from below. The shark then carries the girl in its mouth. This is made to look like a kid having some harmless fun. The intended effect upon the audience is to make it seem a bit less horrible. In the background we hear Jaws signature tune which is increasing tremendously. This is done to increase the tense further. In the middle of the attack the shark suddenly stops, and the girl clings to the buoy as a nerve-racking silence takes over the scene. This creates a feeling of suspense – what is going to happen next? Soon the shark attacks again and finishes her off in a rather quick and painless manner. At the end of the scene we are given a panoramic shot of the beach. All we hear is the sound of waves, and young people talking. I think that the director does this because he wants to end the scene the way he started it, suggesting nothing has happened. This has the effect of making us feel more relaxed. I think that this opening scene is particularly good in building suspense because he uses different types of techniques such as awkward silences and blindness. I now plan to the suspense techniques that Steven Spielberg uses in the scene where a little boy called Alex is seized by the shark. At the start of the scene the camera moves between shots of Chief Brody and the beach. This is done to show us the beach from Brody’s eyes (P.O.V shot), and then show his reaction of what is seen. Furthermore we see a black dog playing with its master. The colour black is used to symbolise funeral and death. This tells the audience that the dog could be the victim to the massive messenger of death. A pet dog is used because people will be more likely to have sympathy for a cute Labrador rather than a Pitbull etc. When we see Alex for the first time he asks his mother if he can swim in the water for longer. In response his mother lets him swim an extra five minutes. This makes us think that he is going to be the next victim. Alex is shown with a yellow lilo, which is used to represent light, life, joy etc. We are then shown two good examples of false alarm. The first of these is when we see the shape of the shark in the water, which is actually the hat of a man. Spielberg uses the camera to increase the tension by showing us Chief Brody looking at the ocean. He also has the man coming out of the water in a very slow manner. The other example is when a young lady gets lifted up from the water from below, screaming, with her legs astride. This makes us think that the girl is being attacked by the shark. However, we find the girl is being lifted by her boyfriend. After a set of false alarms, we start to sense some false comfort, but this quickly turns into fear as we are shown the dogs stick flowing in the water with the dog nowhere in sight. Immediately after this we see the shark’s eye-view of the boy’s legs from below, and the music changes to jaws signature tune, the effect of this is that we know that the boy is, Alex, is going to be attacked. The director, Steven Spielberg, personifies the shark cleverly. The director makes the shark deliberately go past all the people in the water and directly go to the poor little boy – this makes the shark look evil†¦ a human quality. After the attack, the camera is used to show the chaos and fear from the people at the beach. This is intended to make us sense the fear the people on the people on the beach are experiencing. The music also changes from Jaws music to series of chaotic sounds. This is done to increase the panic of the sound. We are then shown the boy’s mother on her own on the beach as the other people create a distance from the water, with their children held tightly. Only Alex’s mother is missing her child. The kind of shot used here is a long shot. The all music and sound stop so as to make us focus on the mother. Finally, we are shown the punctured lilo being washed up on the shore. It is covered in the boy’s blood, which suggests that the life and light has been destroyed by darkness and death. I now hope that your imagination has been satisfied with loads of images from the creative but scary film Jaws. In this essay, I have tried to look in dept the techniques used to make this film spectacularly unique film of its time. Spielberg has made Jaws a wonderfully scary film by taking the suspense techniques to the next step – he uses camera shots and sound to build up suspense e.g. Jaws signature tune. I would recommend this film to people of all ages including my own because this film is one of few films that have taken suspense techniques to the next level. So, next time you go to the beach, will you only be concerned about swimming and pleasure? Or will you be concerned about deadly horrors that might lie beneath the beauty of the water, in the depths of the ocean? The only advice I can give is to watch the film and treat it only as a film, for it is not real. Otherwise, we might risk never going into the waters again! How to cite Jaws: An analysis of the suspense techniques used in the film and the effects that they had upon the audience, Papers

Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke Patients

Question: Describe about the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke Patients? Answer: Introduction Stroke is the third largest death causing disease in the United States. It is seen that one death out of fifteen is due to stroke. According to the Frizzell, 2005, every year about 0.7 million peoples are diagnosed with stroke and 2 million go through second stroke. Stroke is the abrupt interruption of the blood supply in the brain. The NICE, 2008 states that the stroke is of two types, one is ischemic stroke in which an artery supplying blood to the brain suddenly blocked, thus decreased blood supply leads to brain infarction. According to the internet stroke centre, other one is haemorrhage stroke which occurred due to leakage of blood into the brain tissue when a blood vessel burst. About 80% of cases are diagnosed with ischemic stroke and the main causative agent is clot and sometimes stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessels due to deposition of the plaque. Whereas NICE, 2008 states that 20 % cases of stroke are diagnosed with haemorrhage stroke. According to the NICE, 2008 Frizzell, 2005, the main cause of aneurysm is, weak point in an artery wall, which enlarges with time under high arterial pressure. Thus the artery wall rupture and leak out the blood around brain tissues. Sign and symptoms The symptoms of stroke are sudden. One must be tentative and should take action rapidly by watching symptoms of stroke. One can recognise symptoms of stroke as person feel abrupt numbness and weakness in the face, arm or leg. He or she may feel confused, inability to talk or trouble in understanding. According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, patient seems trouble in seeing with eyes, unable to walk or stand straight, loss of coordination and can feel headache without any reason. Diagnosis for the stroke: The stroke can be diagnosed on the basis of sign symptoms, medical history, physical examination and test results. Medical history and physical examination: According to the National institues of heart and NHS choice, 2015, the doctor will look out for the family history of stroke and other unhealthy factors such as smoking, hypertension or heart diseases. During physical examination, doctor will look for signs like carotid artery disease and even check the persons coordination, stability and alertness. Diagnostic tests: Stroke can be diagnosed by performing following of the tests: Brain CT scan: It is also called as brain computed tomography, which is the painless test and use x-rays to look inside the brain. It is usually done after the stroke suspected. The pictures of the CT scan shows damaged brain cells or internal clotting in the brain. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnet and radio waves to picture the organ and brain structures. This test helps in detecting the changes in the brain tissues and blood vessels in the brain. CT arteriogram (CTA) and magnetic resonance arteriogram (MRA): The Computed tomography arteriogram and magnetic resonance arteriogram shows clear pictures of damage inside the large blood vessels or clot in the brain. It also shows blood flow in the brain. Carotid ultrasound: It uses sound waves to look inside the carotid arteries. This test can also include Doppler ultrasound, which tells the speed and direction of blood moving in the brain blood vessels. Carotid angiography: This test uses a dye along with special x-rays to look inside the carotid vessels of the brain. The dye is injected through the catheter from the upper thigh. Blood tests: Blood glucose test is used to check the amount of blood glucose in body, if it is low then, it may be a reason of the stroke. The Blood platelet count is done to count the platelets in the body. If the platelet count is low then, the person has bleeding disorder and if the platelet count is high then, one has thrombotic disorder, the either of the cases can be a cause of stroke. Treatments for the stroke: According to the Nurses labs, n.d., the drug therapy is the first choice of treatment in the stroke. There are two class of drugs, antithrombotic which includes antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants and other one is thrombotic drugs. For ischemic stroke: Antithrombotic drugs: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, these drugs used to prevent the clotting in the blood vessels, as these clots block the brain arteries and vessels thus causes ischemic stroke. Antiplatelet which belongs to this category also helps in preventing the blood clot. The drug belongs to this category are clopidogrel, ticlopidine. Anticoagulants helps in decreasing the risk of clotting property of the blood. The drugs are warfarin, heparin, and enoxaparin. Statins: According to the NHS choice, 2015, if cholesterol levels are high in the body, they are controlled by statins which blocks the cholesterol converting enzyme in the liver. Antihypertensive agents: According to the NHS choice, 2015, these are used to control the high blood pressure in the body. These are of type ACE inhibitors, ca++ channel blocker, and alpha and beta blocker. Thrombolytic drugs: This work by dissolving the blood clot that causes the blockage of an artery. These drugs are used to work on an ongoing stroke. Thus dissolves the clot and regulates the blood flow to the brain. According to the American stroke association and the internet stroke centre, a genetically engineered product called as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator which is a form of t-PA is an example of this type of agent. Carotid endarterectomy: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke, the removal of the plaque from the carotid artery which supplies blood to the brain. For haemorrhagic stroke: According to the National institute of neurological disorders stroke American stroke association, there are several surgical procedures which helps in regulating the blood flow in the brain e.g. Extra cranial/intracranial bypass. The block artery rerouted by the healthy artery in the affected area of the brain, this is done in the extra cranial/intracranial bypass procedure. This surgical procedure is done in haemorrhagic stroke. Summary: The stroke is a neurologic event which occurs due to an abrupt supply of blood in the brain. The risk associated with this disease is diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and the family history of stroke. Many treatment are available, which helps in controlling the stroke such as statin, thrombolytic, antithrombotic agents. Research is going on to evolve the novel effective treatment of stroke. The government initiated many intervention programs in the hospitals, to provide good care to the stroke patients. References American stroke association. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.strokeassociation.org: https://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/Treatment/Stroke-Treatments_UCM_310892_Article.jsp Frizzell, J. P. (2005). Acute Stroke Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. AACN Clinical Issues, 16(4), 421-440. Retrieved August 2015 National institues of heart. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/diagnosis National institute of neurological disorders stroke. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2015, from https://www.ninds.nih.gov: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/detail_stroke.htm NHS choice. (2015, August). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk: https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Stroke/Pages/treatment.aspx NICE. (2008, july). Stroke Diagnosis and initial management of acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from www.nice.org.uk/accreditation: guidance.nice.org.uk/cg68 Nurses labs. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from https://nurseslabs.com: https://nurseslabs.com/8-cerebrovascular-accident-stroke-nursing-care-plans/ The internet stroke centre. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2015, from https://www.strokecenter.org: https://www.strokecenter.org/patients/about-stroke/what-is-a-stroke/

Biblical Parallels with the Pilgrams in Of Plymouth Plantation free essay sample

The first verse he references to is Acts chapter 28 when Paul tells how the shipwrecked Christians were helped by the â€Å"barbarous people† of Malta. Bradford uses this verse as a reference to when the Pilgrims had just reached the wilderness of the new land and they had no one there to greet them and comfort them. The second reference that Bradford made was to Deuteronomy 34:1-4 which states, â€Å"Then Moses climbed Mount Nebo from the plains of Moab to the top of Pisgah, across from Jericho. There the Lord showed him the whole land—from Gilead to Dan, all of Naphtali, the territory of Ephraim and Manasseh, all the land of Judah as far as the western sea, the Negev and the whole region from the Valley of Jericho, the City of Palms, as far as Zoar. † Bradford uses this verse reference to illustrate what the Pilgrims could not do as far as going up onto a mountain top to see the entire land as Moses was able to do on the top of Pisgah. We will write a custom essay sample on Biblical Parallels with the Pilgrams in Of Plymouth Plantation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third reference that Bradford made to the Bible was to Deuteronomy 26:7. In Deuteronomy 26:7 it says â€Å"Then we cried out to the Lord, the God of our fathers, and the Lord heard our voice and saw our misery, toil and oppression. † Bradford uses this verse to demonstrate how the children of the Pilgrims should be proud of their fathers who crossed the ocean to discover this land. Also it shows how God listened to the Pilgrims when they cried for help and how He looked upon their misfortunes. The last reference was made to Psalm 107. In Psalms 107: 5-9 It states, â€Å"hey were hungry and thirsty, and their lives ebbed away. Then they cried out to the LORD in their trouble, and he delivered them from their distress. He led them by a straight way to a city where they could settle. Let them give thanks to the LORD for his unfailing love and his wonderful deeds for men, for he satisfies the thirsty and fills the hungry with good things. Bradford uses this to Show that God helped the Pilgrims when they wandered in the wilderness being thirsty and hungry. Many writers use scripture to demonstrate certain events or certain reactions of characters as Bradford did in Of Plymouth Plantation since the Bible is a very well known text. William used the scriptures to relate these events and reactions to those similar in the Bible to bring a better understanding to the situations.

Effects on the Florida Everglades essays

Effects on the Florida Everglades essays The unique natural wealth of lower Florida has excited the curiosity and imagination and has served the needs of man for at least twenty centuries. Its geographic setting still lures residents and tourists. Everglades National Park is at once a limited and a vast sampling of a region full of contrast. It is made up of adjacent, interrelated areas descriptively called the Florida Everglades, the Big Cypress country, the mangrove coast, the Ten Thousand Islands, the Cape, and Florida Bay. The region has nourished, though sometimes harshly, both exotic and familiar flora and fauna. Its people, from the earliest aboriginal Indians to its present day inhabitants, provide clues and records from which the historian can trace the story of its human history. The Park itself consists of over a million acres of land and water, and is our third largest national park. It is an area without any single point of powerful impact. Many other national parks that are chiefly of geological intere st exhibit great peaks, deep gorges, or spectacular scenes of one kind or another. The Everglades, which is chiefly of biological interest, requires a different perspective on the part of the visitor. The creation of the Everglades we see today was caused by the fractious interplay of rock and water, acted out in the distant and recent past. The park is located on the southern Florida peninsula, which is very low and flat because it was once an ancient sea bottom. The highest point in the Everglades is just ten feet above sea level. The bedrock of the area is limestone, which is made up of marine sedimentary rock. The contraction and expansion of continental glaciers have altered the landscape. The Florida peninsula has been inundated by and later emerged from the surrounding seas at least four times in recent geologic history. As glaciers expanded, they consumed bodies of water, including the shallow tropical seas covering Florida, causing the l...

Strategies for Parent Training in Families of Children with Autism Research Paper

Strategies for Parent Training in Families of Children with Autism - Research Paper Example As parents start the journey into the autism world, they are always faced with the challenge of understanding why their children are not able to develop normally. They start asking myriad questions that they cannot easily find answers to. When they are not able to cope with the stress, it becomes very difficult for them to help and raise their children normally. Researchers have shown great interest in the role of parental involvement in managing the condition. The main question in such studies has been on the best strategies to carry out parent training to facilitate behavior change and impact on the social skills of both the parents and the children with autism. Although previous studies have shown that parental training improves and influences outcomes in both the children and parent, there is still the need to explore how different strategies impact on the behavior of the parents and children.AutismRogers (2011) defines autism to be a childhood disordered that affects the normal development of the child. The condition has also been defined as a developmental disease that affects the verbal and non-verbal ability of children while also impacting on their social interaction capability and educational performance. It appears during the first three years of an individual’s life. Autism has several symptoms whose severity varies from individual to individual. In children who are aged between one and three years, one of the autistic behaviors is usually the lack of social skills and play development.

'Executive power in the UK is dominated by the Prime Minister' Essay

'Executive power in the UK is dominated by the Prime Minister'. Discuss - Essay Example According to Allen (2003), the monarch acts within the constraints of convention and precedent, and exercises prerogative powers on the advice of the prime minister. The prime minister holds a weekly audience with the monarch; the records of these audiences are not taken and the proceedings remain fully confidential (Stewart, 2010). The monarch may express their views, but as constitutional rulers, they must accept the decisions of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister dominates the executive power in the United Kingdom; however, there are cases where the Prime Minister does not have full control of the executive. Appointments The Queen appoints the Prime Minister, who then appoints all other members of the government. This power to hire and fire extends to all ministers and cabinet members, giving the Prime Minister substantial control over the careers of members of parliament and peers. The Prime Minister can also create and establish new posts, departments, committees, policy uni ts and even merge the existing ones at will (Allen, 2003). This implies that the Prime Minister controls most of the governmental departments and commissions. Additionally, the Prime Minister has the powers to appoint and dismiss the government ministers. Since the beginning of the 19th century, the Prime Minister has been the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons. The power of the Prime Minster is based on the Royal Prerogative, where they exercise power on behalf of the monarch. Thus, the Prime Minister dominates the executive power of determining the members of parliament, cabinet, and ministers. As the head of intelligence and security services, the Prime Minister determines the composition of these agencies (Booth, 2006). The Prime Minister regulates their roles and functions and can deny permission if the security services want to carry out a particular task. The Prime Minister also appoints senior officers of the armed forces, and thus controls their functions. Other appointments carried out by the Prime Minister include top ecclesiastical, regius professorships, public sector, appointments to royal commissions and the Mastership of Trinity College (Allen, 2003). Giving the Prime Minister power to do all these appointments makes them to dominate the executive power. This is because the power to appoint is given together with the power to control. Head of the Executive The Prime Minister is the head of the executive. As the head of the executive, the Prime Minister is the chief policy maker because of the pre-eminence in making the government’s policy (Stewart, 2010). The Royal Prerogative gives the Prime Minister the power to make and break the composition of ministers and reshuffle the cabinet to meet the needs of government requirements. For example, Tony Blair decided to build the Millennium Dome when the cabinet stood against it (Stewart, 2010). Regardless of the fact that the announcement and the cabinet occurred simultaneously , the Prime Minister made the overall decision. Even though the prime minister can make such quick decisions, the cabinet can overrule their decisions, and they cannot impose policies through reluctant officials. Meetings must be conducted to make any ruling and the agreements from these meetings are bound to be followed to the latter. Conduct Parliamentary and Cabinet Business The Prime Minister

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change Management - Essay Example â€Å"While participation in Internet doubled from 1982 to 1992†¦the irony is that the key communication technologies are, at best, in their infancy in developing or less developed countries† (Olaniran 65). Many companies in such developing countries as India and Kenya are reluctant to change the communication practices that have been in use for decades. However, as the workforce is getting more trained and educated, a positive change is expected and has already started to show up in many organizations in these countries. An effective way to reduce the employee resistance is by allowing them to get involved and participate in the change management process. This can be achieved if the employees are taken into confidence. Managers should develop and engage the employees in unfreezing activities. â€Å"Unfreezing activities normally involve group activities designed to confront existing group behavior. These may take the form of training interventions, team talks, evangelic al speeches, or some other form of activity† (Collins 60). Managers should arrange meetings with the employees where they all can be addressed at once. Managers should ensure that all employees attend the meeting. In the meeting, the managers should explain the need of introducing the change to the employees and why and how the old system is not letting the organization achieve its objectives. The managers should not only demonstrate the need of change but also show how individualistic efforts of the employees working at different levels in the organization will contribute to the organizational success. A very important point that a manager should keep in mind while addressing the employees is not to underestimate or overlook the role of any employee in the change introduction and the management process. Ideally, the manager should encourage the employees to come up with ideas that could further enhance the manager’s plan of introducing and managing the change. Construc tive ideas should not only be appreciated but also be incorporated into the change implementation process. This would serve as an incentive for other employees to share their positive opinions with the manager and also boost their confidence as well as motivation to help the manager implement the change. â€Å"Participatory measures such as team working and high-involvement work practices demonstrate improvements in performance†¦Performance changes may occur because participation leads to changed attitudes which lead to higher performance† (Summers and Hyman). Before conducting the meeting, the manager should try to identify the employees whose interests would be affected by the introduction of change, and tend to modify the change plan in a way that causes minimum loss to those employees while enhancing the overall efficiency of other employees and the organization as a whole. However, â€Å"[i]n any change, especially ones that affect a complete organization, it is im possible to involve every employee in each decision† (Heathfield), so the manager should not change the plan in an attempt to satisfy everyone. Once the employees have been sufficiently addressed and convinced through such meetings, the manager shou