Social Psychology And Social Influence - 1600 Words

In social psychology, social influence is a process where someone’s beliefs, thoughts and behaviour change by being exposed to beliefs, thoughts and opinions of others. It manifests in several forms, such as obedience, compliance and conformity. All these types of social influence have been studied by numerous researchers who investigated the reasons why people conform to social norms and obey to authorities, such as Milgram’s classic studies on obedience. His experiments support the popular idea of ‘banality of evil’ –Hannah Arendt (1963)’s famous phrase referring to the capability to accomplish dreadful things out of banal reasons–, revealing that people conform submissively and thoughtlessly to the orders that authorities deliver, no†¦show more content†¦Accordingly, Rotter proposed that people with an internal locus of control, having a confident personality, are more likely to resist to social influence. There are differen t studies supporting this idea. For instance, in their experiment consisting in interviewing the subjects, Oliner and Oliner (1988) suggested that the 406-non-Jewish participants who lived during the Holocaust in Germany and protected Jewish people were more inclined to have a higher internal locus of control in contrast to the 126 individuals who obeyed to commands. This outcome supports Rotter’s theory that internals are not as likely to follow commands in contrast to externals who may be more easily persuaded, although there may be other aspects that have to be considered in view of the circumstances people lived in WWII. Additionally, Spector (1983) utilised Rotter’s scale on 157 students to evaluate whether conformity is linked with locus of control. He discovered that participants with a higher internal locus of control weren’t as likely to conform only in circumstances of normative social influence, where people adapt in order to be accepted, whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups in situations of informational social influence, where people conform for their need to be right. (Deutsch Gerard, 1955) This finding proposes that normative social influenceShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology: Social Influence768 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Social influence is a major topic in social psychology and looks at how individual thoughts, actions, reactions and feelings are influenced by other people or social groups. â€Å"Social influence can be seen in our conformity, our obedience to authority, and our group behavior† (Psychology 579). Social influence may also be represented by peer pressure, persuasion, marketing and sales. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to determine how effective social influence is on a groupRead MoreSocial Influence On Social Psychology1870 Words   |  8 PagesSocial influence is a big matter in social psychology which is referred to the ways in which different people’s thoughts, actions and feelings are subjective by social groups. On a daily basis we are deluged by numerous efforts by others to influence us, and that’s why, the study of social influence has long been a dominant matter of analysis for social psychologists and researchers in many other social sciences (e.g. marketing and political science). Social Psychologists focus on the situation.Read MoreSocial Psychology: The Study of Influences Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has been explored. Psychology, or the study of â€Å"why†, has been attempting to answer such questions for centuries. Although there are many answers (reflected in the number of schools of psychology), Social psychology attempt s to explain the environmental factors that lead to a person behavior. By definition, Social Psychology is â€Å"the study of the manner in which the personality, attitudes, motivations, and behavior of the individual influence and are influenced by social groups† (Merriam-WebsterRead MoreFritz Heiders Influence Of Social Psychology884 Words   |  4 PagesAt the beginning of the 1900s, Social Psychology was in its infancy as psychologists studied individuals and how they thought, felt, and behaved in their social environment. Scientific methods were developed to describe, capture, and measure social relationships and their influence. Fritz Heider was such a psychologists and his work still influences social psychology and its research today. Judgement of conduct, a current study by Dr. Wong Yee Cheung, is influenced by the work of Heider. The workRead MoreKurt Lewin s Influence On Social Psychology Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagespsychologist who had the biggest impact on s ocial psychology would be Kurt Lewin. Commonly known as the father of social psychology, Lewin put in countless hours of hard work and research in the study of the individual behavior among social situations. By working with other renowned psychologists, creating theories of his own, and leaving a mark on the world that still thrives today, Kurt Lewin is greatly responsible for the many of the advancements of psychology throughout history. Born in a smallRead MoreUnderstanding Social Psychology And How Relationships With Others Can Influence An Individual s Thoughts And Behaviors966 Words   |  4 PagesWhen studying social psychology, it is essential for one to understand social groups, how they work, and how relationships with others can influence an individual’s thoughts and behaviors. For this reason, a full understanding of cooperation is necessary for social psychologists. Defining Cooperation Cooperation has several components, and therefore must be broken down when being defined. Most importantly, it involves multiple people in any sort of beneficial relationship; that is, the outcomeRead MoreHow do others influence our behaviour? Discuss with reference to social psychology theory and research.1989 Words   |  8 Pagescount: 1,633 How do others influence our behaviour? Discuss with reference to social psychology theory and research. Social influence has many different definitions in psychology, it is mainly used to summarise the field of social psychology. Mainly looking at â€Å"how thoughts, feelings and behaviour of individuals are influenced by actual, imagined or implied presence of others† (McGrath, 1970.) Our social life is mainly distinguished by our social influences; influences we are both consciously andRead MoreSocial Psychology Definition Paper1122 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Psychology Definition Paper Sinthia Brye PSY/ 400 August 30, 2010 Joyce Willis Social Psychology Introduction Social psychology it observes as the influence of our situations with special attention on how we view and affect one another. Social psychology perceives the way we think, influence people, and relates to others. Social psychology lies at psychology’s boundary with sociology, which sociology is the study of people in groups and societies? Social psychology isRead MoreThe Study of Human Behavior in Given Situations1613 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. It is a scientific study that focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychologyRead More Social Psychology Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesorigins of modern social psychology. It is therefore important to consider that social psychology cannot be traced back to one single source of origin (Burr, 2003). Hence, this is the reason why there are debates of what social psychology is. Allport (1985) describe d social psychology as the study an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours which are influenced by the actual, imagines, or implied presence of others. As seen from this definition there is a direct link between social science and the

The Damage Of The American Dream Character Analysis

The Damage of the American Dream The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, wonderfully shows how the values of characters in the novel set the time period of the 1920s. The major characters in the story has clear motives and values which helps the reader understand high society before The Great Depression, and give a clear indication that the theme of the book is a twisted view of the American Dream. Nick Carraway is the first persona we are introduced to and arguably the most important; as he is the narrator of the book. He is a down to earth, non-judgemental man that comes from a wealthy family in the mid-west. Nick longs for excitement after returning from The Great War and decides to take up the bond business in New York. Nick is one†¦show more content†¦The most blatant offense is pinning the murder of Myrtle Wilson on Gatsby, but there is a more complex example. Fitzgerald stated in chapter one â€Å"No- Gatsby turned out alright in the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust that floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men.† (7). In my opinion, the foul dust that floated behind Gatsby’s dreams was Daisy herself. She was Gatsby’s dream, and his dream was the American Dream, but Gatsby’s illusion that she would bring him happiness is what shatt ered him. Daisy wasn’t able to make tough decisions The man who lends his name to the book itself, Jay Gatsby, is the main player in this worlds stage. Everything that he does in the book is a vain effort to get reunite with a woman he dated for a month five years ago. The only problem is that Jay wanted more from Daisy than she could possibly offer. It wasn’t enough to say that she loved Gatsby, she had to have never loved Tom. Gatsby is thought provoking in that he wasn’t a person of high birth brought a reverse of fortune because of his weak character, his demise was because of the people he tried to imitate; a crowd of rich hypocrites that would sneer at a man like him only because of the courage his liquor gave them. Gatsby is the ultimate representation of the American Dream up until a little before his death. He literally and figuratively made a name forShow MoreRelatedTextual Analysis of Alexie’s â€Å"Because my Father Always Said...†1683 Words   |  7 Pages Textual Analysis Essay Textual Analysis of Alexie’s â€Å"Because my Father Always Said...† America truly is the salad bowl of cultures from around the whole world. However, there is often times a dominating cultural structure that makes it difficult to attain peace among the diverse cultural groups of America. Sherman Alexie’s short story, Because my Father Always Said He Was the Only Indian Who Saw Jimi Hendrix Play ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’ at Woodstock, displays the difficulty of the NativeRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And August Wilson1418 Words   |  6 PagesThis literary study will define the failure of the †American Dream† in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Arthur Miller, Zora Neale Hurston, and August Wilson. Fitzgerald’s account of the Jay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy L oman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. MoreRead MoreEssay on Woman Hollering Creek - Dreams vs. Reality826 Words   |  4 Pagesendure as Latino wives through her portrayal of the protagonist, Cleofilas. For Cisneros being a Mexican-American has given her a chance to see life from two different cultures. In addition, Cisneros has written the story from a woman’s perspective, illustrating the types of conflicts many women face as Latino wives. This unique paradigm allows the reader to examine the events and characters using a feminist critical perspective. At the beginning of the story, the protagonist, Cleofilas, had anRead MoreGossip Girl Is An American Teen Soap Opera Based On The Book Series By Cecily Von Ziegesar2557 Words   |  11 PagesPenn Badgley, who plays Dan Humphrey in the hit TV show Gossip Girl, recognizes the negative ideals displayed by the show that launched him to fame. Gossip Girl is an American teen soap opera based on the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar. The show welcomes viewers into the exclusive, luxury world of the wealthy and connected as they try to live their lives despite the drama that comes with their power, reputation and wealth. The story follows Dan Humphrey, the so-called lonely boy and BrooklynRead MoreSymbolism Of A Street Car Named Desire And The Yellow Wallpaper1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthe article, â€Å"Literary Movements for Students†, â€Å"Their use of imagery often exemplifies states of mind, the imagination, the human psyche, and dreams† (Milne). Williams and Gilman bot h use symbolism as a technique to show how the characters may be feeling and what they really represent. A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams symbolizes the main character Blanche DuBois as that to a moth. The story is of a fragile and neurotic woman on a desperate need for someplace in the world to call her ownRead MoreHow Society Perceives Different Groups Based On Race, Class, And Gender1656 Words   |  7 Pagessociety perceives different groups based on race, class, and gender. The paper will compare and contrast Robert Grandfield’s research on how elite students from working class interpret their perspective of stigma of social class and Edward W. Morris’s analysis of inequality in education based on race, class, and gender. The Sociological Perspectives by Race, Class, and Gender In Robert Grandfield’s reading, Making It by Faking It, the working class students come to school with â€Å"a greatRead MoreThe Development Of Girls1172 Words   |  5 Pagesof racism, sexism and classism intertwine and contour girls’ characteristics using an analysis of The House on Mango Street, The Bluest Eye and Bastard out of Carolina. I argue that society’s idea of perfection and the pressures to fit into stereotypes negatively impacts young girls’ identities because of the notions that being a certain race, class position, or gender is inferior. Society’s idea of beauty damages young girls’ self esteems. Society tells girls not being their definition of beautifulRead MoreEssay on The Business Plot1262 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone were to ask you if you could imagine a world where the United States was a fascist dictatorship, you would most likely, laugh in his or her face. After all, the United States is the poster child of a capitalistic society and even has that American dream. What people don’t realize is that in 1933 a group of elite businessmen and some powerful companies tried to plot the staging of a coup with the help of a Marine Corps Major General by the name of Smedley Butler. This may have been plotted becauseRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Soul2353 Words   |  10 Pages In describing his sudden and complete change in character, Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel shares how the horrors he experienced changed him permanently, stating â€Å"I too had become a different person. The s tudent of the Talmud, the child I was, had been consumed by the flames. All that was left was a shape that resembled me. My soul had been invaded- and devoured- by a black flame† (37). Hitler ´s extermination of the Jews in the 1930s and 40s is an embodiment of man’s ability to performRead MoreAn Individual Detailed Analysis on the Style, Editing Techniques Mise-En-Scene and Cinematography in the Film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.2581 Words   |  11 PagesAn individual detailed analysis on the style, editing techniques Mise-en-scene and cinematography in the film Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind. Michael Gondry’s Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind (2004) is not your typical Hollywood rom-com. Its cinematic style is very original and by far out of the ordinary for its genre. The use of techniques and the way the film is produced is the reason why it is so memorable. The non-linear narrative is based around a middle-aged guy who falls in

Addiction Is A Complex Disease - 3403 Words

Addiction is a complex disease that is influenced by several factors including: genetic, developmental, experiential and environmental factors (Goldstein Volkow, 2002). Alcohol dependence, otherwise referred to as alcoholism, is characterized by frequent use of alcohol resulting in intoxication, a preoccupation with alcohol, compulsion to seek and consume alcohol, the inability to limit alcohol intake and the emergence of negative emotional state when the drug is absent (Gilpin Koob, 2008; Ernst et al., 2012; Kunce, Newton, 1989; Crews, 2012). There is an estimated 85,000 deaths annually caused by unhealthy alcohol consumption. Medical issues such as liver disease, neurological problems and malignancies, in addition to behavioral and†¦show more content†¦Branching psychology and biology results in biopsychology, which analyzes how the brain and neurotransmitters influences our behaviors, thoughts and feelings. Our biology programs us to pursue pleasurable experiences, suc h as the euphoria felt when intoxicated. In biopsychology, addiction is viewed as a problem of brain functioning; we generally become addicted to the chemicals our brain releases, such as dopamine, not the substance itself. Through the use of self-help organizations, psychology and medication, the overall goal of abstinence can be accomplished. Bridging Biopsychology and Counseling This paper focuses on a specific course-related question: what are the antecedents of alcoholism, more specifically the antecedents of alcoholism in biopsychology and in counseling. These entities will be addressed separately and then combined for the most effective outcome in understanding and treating alcoholism. The biopsychology aspect will explore the question by explaining the effects of alcohol addiction, reward circuitries, reinforcement, withdrawal and relapse. The counseling portion will explore how various treatments involving psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy help clients cope with their addiction. Review of Biopsychology Literature Chronic, prolonged exposure to alcohol can result in serious detrimental outcomes for the client s health (Gilpin Koob,

My Personal Feelings of Self Worth Essay - 579 Words

People’s self-esteem either high or low is shaped by their life experiences. I believe a person’s self-esteem begins to take shape at an early age, with their parents being a major influence. Kind, positive, knowledgeable and caring parents help children create a positive self-image. Parents who do not feel good about themselves or others, sometimes take it out on their childern by belittling them or discouraging them. This leads the child down a path of self-doubt and eventually given the right circumstances a lower self-esteem. My parents where very overprotective which sounds good on the surface, but this caused me to feel unequal to my peers since my parents would not let me play sports or even go on a field trip one time because†¦show more content†¦If that was not enough to deal with, I also have red hair and freckles so I was constantly teased about my appearance. All this contributed to my own lack of self-confidence and a feeling that I was not as good as my peers. These are some experiences that have shaped my self-esteem. I do not portend to make excuses for myself; I only want to illustrate that you can let these experiences either motivate you or de-motivate you, the choice is always yours. I let these life experiences de-motivate until I came to the realization that you should not let others determine your fate or what you can achieve. Years ago I read a passage in a book by: â€Å"Louise L. Hay† she said; every morning you can get up and look in the mirror and decide what kind of day you are going to have.† The beauty of it is, you can get up the following morning and decide all over again. This is a powerful statement, letting us know we have the power to control our feelings and shape our outlook on life. If you are telling yourself positive things, it will help you build a positive self-esteem. Example: Not long ago a golfer on the PGA Tour, was having trouble with his putting, he was losing confidence, it was starting to effect his whole game and his self-esteem since even the TV Announcers, where talking about his putting troubles. He choose to start telling himself that he was a great putter of the golf ball and in a shortShow MoreRelatedHow Therapy Should Be Focused On The Patient1523 Words   |  7 PagesMy opinion is that therapy should be focused on the patient, and a deeply important part of the patient is their culture. Culture is never the same for each person—even if they are the same race. Gender, race, ethnicity, social class and many other factors affect each individual differently, a concept known as intersectionality. Each one of us forms our own self-concept based on our own subjective experiences. The same way culture affects every person differently, each person has a motivating forceRead MoreEssay The Communication Process693 Words   |  3 Pagesmore. I found out these processes can be harder than you think three years ago. My father got remarried and I was forced to become up close and personal with complete strangers, my step family. The communication process language in my step family describes the concepts and ideas of the transactional communication model and the social penetration theory. The transactional communication model is used daily in my household. Although, the messages are not always successfully sent nor received alongRead MoreShame : Theory And Treatment Of Shame998 Words   |  4 PagesShame, a word that can send shivers down anyone’s spine. Shame is a painful feeling of different emotions like guilt, sadness, and embarrassment that are focused on how one feels about self. These feelings are a nasty result when an individual feels that they have participated in something wrong. When an individual experiences feelings of shame, their focus has the potential to become redirected and surrounded around that shame (Kaufman, 1996). The process of analyzing the various parts of shameRead MoreLife Style Inventory1604 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatly to that person’s work performance. Part I - Personal Thinking Styles My primary thinking style is Self-actualizing and I can totally see myself through the description of this thinking style. The self-actualizing thinkers are characterized by an unusual high acceptance of self, others and situations â€Å"as they are.† They have a strong interest in working to become everything they are capable of being. They have a sense of self-worth, a strong curiosity about people and things, and an acuteRead MoreSelf Esteem1583 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Esteem is a personal judgment of ones worth and the satisfaction or dissatisfaction with ones own self. By this definition Self-Esteem is how each individual person views them selves as a person both mentality and physically. According to William James, the American psychologist, self esteem involves only one mental perception of the own qualities and their physical. Self esteem plays an important role of who people are and starts at a very young age. There are both positives and negativeRead MoreThe C oncept Of The Self Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Self The concept of self is a notion that is used to describe who an individual is and how he/she is in the study of personality. In examining the concept of the self, the social world plays a crucial role because humans are basically relational or social beings. As compared to animals, humans have the ability to interact and cooperate in discovering solutions to the issues of everyday life in relation to survival and reproduction. Within the social world, the concept of the self is usedRead MoreWhy Is It Is Born Good? Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause of various things such as low self-esteem and negative self-images. Rogers noted that, â€Å"a person who has high self-worth, that is, has confidence and positive feelings about him or herself, faces challenges in life, accepts failure and unhappiness at times, and is open with people† (McLeod, 2014). When people are placed in a tough situation, those with a high self-worth are able to keep persevering, but the opposite is true with someone that has a low self-worth. Challenges in life can cause themRead MoreNursing Is The Most Trusted Profession989 Words   |  4 Pagesdevote their time to help others find their healing in a holistic manner. Finding dignity in nursing will allow me to give myself the self-worth that I believe is essential to my life. By finding dignity in nursing I will fully understand the values that nursing brings towards my life. I will also find my self-worth by caring for others and finally incorporate nursing as my calling. Nurses spend most of their time with their patients and it is important to show the patient that he or she matters to usRead MoreAbraham Maslow And Emotional Intelligence952 Words   |  4 Pagesand reach self-actualization† (Khans Academy). Abraham Maslow, Humanism is a theory and term in psychology which is a study of a whole person, and the distinctive of each and every independent person. Renaissance humanism was a mental movement in Europe of the later middle ages. Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist, who had interest in what motivated humans. He elaborated a five-stage model that enclosed, physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization needs. A personal example isRead MoreSelf Disclosure Essay801 Words   |  4 Pages A very significant form of interpersonal communication that validate self-worth and personal identity is Self-disclosure. Self-disclosure is a form of communication that I struggle with personally. Self- disclosure takes place in any type of communication even if it’s acknowledge or not: small groups, interviews and on a first date. Self-disclosure is known to be intentionally but it’s a subconscious and conscious act of allowing individuals to get to know you on another level based off what you

Discussion on Drug-Metabolism Enzyme

Question: How do enzyme kinetics affect an individuals response to therapeutic and other drugs. Answer: One can call the drug-metabolism enzyme as the mixed function oxidase, or the mono-oxygenase (Bishop, Fody Schoeff, 2013). The particular enzyme contains the cytochrome P450. Along with it, the particular enzyme contains the cytochrome b5. Other than these components, components like NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, along with other components are included in it at the same time. The CY or the hepatic cytochrome P450s belongs to a multi-gene family and thus plays an important role in the process of metabolism (Zanger Schwab 2013). References Bishop, M. L., Fody, E. P., Schoeff, L. E. (Eds.). (2013).Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Zanger, U. M., Schwab, M. (2013). Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation.Pharmacology therapeutics,138(1), 103-1

Reframing Organizations Artistry and Leadership †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reframing Organizations Artistry and Leadership. Answer: Introduction: As per my evaluation about asking someone (who is my sister), who knows me very well, the results are being evaluated. Considering: Influence: As per my sister, it is one of those factors on which every person agrees too. I am an emotional person who is always carried out by the thoughts of happening anything wrong. Whenever my friends try to take me to anything wrong, I get easily influenced. It is tough for me to deny which makes me a complete failure. It is important for me to take my decisions myself and suppress the compressing power of others. Process: As per my sister, I have a strong power to convince my parents for any new clothing or gifts. I am happy when they are easily carried away by my thoughts and take me and my sister for shopping. There is a requirement of improving such skills as well so that some other people do not take due advantage for the same. Relationship: As per my sister, to improve the work relationship, my sister has always asked me to be a good listener and try to communicate. But due to the shy nature, I am hesitant to talk to the different groups, with different thoughts, as some of their thoughts ruptures my feeling to understand the point. Service: As per my sister, I always try to help the other people as and when needed without anything in return. This is bad sometimes, because people start taking due advantage and then this leads to the issues both at work and home. Insights As per my evaluation, I feel that my sister knows me better on all the matters than I do. She understands me very well and I have to take all her points into consideration so that I am able to handle myself. On the points related to the influence and relationship, it gets tough for me also to handle the decisions taken by the others and be influenced by them. Sometimes, the relationship improvement helps me getting my work done easily and it helps me closer to the other people as well. The processing is also a best quality according to me, where at work, it becomes easy for me to proceed with the different standards in an easy manner. Along with this, I am also handling the different processes which are encouraged by the different people at work. The services that I deliver to the customers are important to be of the best quality and for this, it is important to improve the level of customer satisfaction. This comes with the development and implementing some of the effective strategi es. They are based on the concerns related to the firm working towards the targeted marketing areas. As per the evaluation from my friends, there is certainly some other feedback when it concerns to maintain the relationship. According to my friends and colleagues, the judgement of them is that due to my shy nature, I stay to be a good listener only, and do not represent my opinion. In corporate world, it is important that the individual works towards the working and improving the standards by properly communicating. The power to convince my manager and the other colleagues also get low as there is no proper relation that could be maintained with them. Conclusion Hence, the leadership qualities are important for an individual as this not only helps in the improvement of the life of an individual but effectively work on the concerns that relate to provide the best services to the customers as well. (Bolman Deal, 2017). Leadership is important for the proper growth and the judgement that leads to handle the marketing areas as per the concerned progress. The work processes are based on working over the ways where the people are important to execute the different things and work towards the improvement of the planning and the decision-making process. (Daft, 2014). References Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing Organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?=fndpg=PR9dq=Leadership+ots=uRpV6ciHG1sig=s_f7T4-2xQwSVaEWFKvd2HqIpaU Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Retrieved fromhttps://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=DzYeCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR4dq=Leadership+ots=No8ObgJk2rsig=6fOcxV6PLClJT1yiAkRjp5FCXys#v=onepageq=Leadershipf=false